Metara ea radiation e ts'oaroang ka letsoho, eo hape e tsejoang e le sesebelisoa sa radiation se tšoaroang ka letsoho, ke sesebelisoa se nkehang habonolo se sebelisetsoang ho metha le ho bona boteng ba mahlaseli tikolohong e haufi.Lisebelisoa tsena ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa litsebi tse sebetsang mafapheng a kang matla a nyutlelie, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, tlhokomelo ea tikoloho, le karabelo ea tšohanyetso, hammoho le batho ba amehileng ka ho pepesehela mahlaseli a kotsi.
Kahoo, e etsa joang ameter ea radiation e tšoaroang ka letsohosebetsa?Lisebelisoa tsena li sebetsa ho latela melao-motheo ea ho lemoha le ho lekanya mahlaseli.Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea limithara tsa mahlaseli tse tšoaroang ka letsoho, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e sebelisa mahlale a fapaneng ho bona le ho lekanya mahlaseli.Mofuta o mong o tloaelehileng ke mochine oa Geiger-Muller (GM), o nang le tube e tletseng khase e hlahisang molumo oa motlakase ha mahlaseli a kopana le limolek'hule tsa khase ka har'a tube.Mofuta o mong ke scintillation detector, e sebelisang kristale e ntšang khanya ha e otloa ke likaroloana tsa mahlaseli.Ho feta moo, li-detectors tsa semiconductor, tse kang tse sebelisang silicon kapa germanium, li boetse li sebelisoa ho limithara tsa mahlaseli tsa letsoho.
Ha mahlaseli a kopana le detector, e hlahisa letšoao le tla sebetsoa le ho bontšoa skrineng sa mochine.Lipalo hangata li kenyelletsa sekhahla sa lethal dose la mahlaseli, se hlahisoang ka liyuniti tse joalo ka li-microsieverts ka hora (µSv/h), hammoho le kakaretso ea lethal dose e bokelletsoeng ka nako e itseng.Limithara tse ling tsa radiation tse tsoetseng pele li ka fana ka leseli mabapi le mofuta oa mahlaseli a bonoang, joalo ka mahlaseli a alpha, beta kapa a gamma.
Ntle le ho lemoha le ho metha mahlaseli, limithara tsa mahlaseli tse tšoaroang ka letsoho li etselitsoe ho ba bonolo ho basebelisi le ho nkeha habonolo.Li na le likarolo tse fapaneng ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona le boiketlo ba ts'ebeliso.Mefuta e mengata e na le moralo o kopaneng le o bobebe, o etsang hore ho be bonolo ho e jara le ho sebetsa maemong a fapaneng.Hangata li kenyelletsa ponts'o ea dijithale e bonts'ang maemo a mahlaseli a nako ea nnete, hammoho le lialamo tse utloahalang le tse bonoang ho lemosa mosebelisi ka maemo a kotsi a ka bang kotsi.Lisebelisoa tse ling li fana ka bokhoni ba ho rekota data, ho lumella basebelisi ho rekota le ho sekaseka litekanyo tsa mahlaseli ha nako e ntse e ea.
Likopo tsalimithara tsa mahlaseli tsa letsoholi fapane ebile li pharaletseng.Indastering ea matla a nyutlelie, lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisoa ho hlokomela maemo a mahlaseli a mahlaseli a kotsi a matla a nyutlelie, litsing tsa lipatlisiso, le nakong ea ho tsamaisa thepa ea mahlaseli.Litabeng tsa bophelo bo botle, ba hiriloe ho lekanya ho pepeseha ha mahlaseli lits'ebetsong tsa litšoantšo tsa bongaka le ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi ba bongaka le bakuli.Mekhatlo ea tlhokomelo ea tikoloho e sebelisa limithara tse tšoaroang ka letsoho ho lekola maemo a mahlaseli a kotsi tikolohong, haholo-holo libakeng tse anngoeng ke likotsi tsa nyutlelie kapa tšilafalo ea mahlaseli.Ho feta moo, ba arabelang maemong a tšohanyetso ba itšetlehile ka lisebelisoa tsena ho lekola likotsi tsa mahlaseli nakong ea liketsahalo tse kang likotsi tsa indasteri, likoluoa tsa tlhaho, kapa liketso tsa bokhukhuni tse amanang le lisebelisoa tsa mahlaseli a kotsi.
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore le hoja limithara tsa mahlaseli tse tšoaroang ka letsoho e le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha le ho metha mahlaseli, ha li nke sebaka sa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea tšireletso ea mahlaseli le mehato ea tšireletso.Basebelisi ba lokela ho fumana koetliso mabapi le ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa tsena le ho utloisisa mefokolo ea limithara tsa radiation tse tšoaroang ka letsoho libakeng tse fapaneng tsa mahlaseli.Ho feta moo, ho lekoa khafetsa le ho lokisoa ha lisebelisoa ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa litekanyo tse nepahetseng le tse tšepahalang.
Ha re phethela,limithara tsa mahlaseli tsa letsohoe bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng khahlanong le likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa mahlaseli maemong a fapaneng a litsebi le a botho.Ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho lemoha le likarolo tse loketseng basebelisi, lisebelisoa tsena tse nkehang habonolo li thusa batho ka bomong le mekhatlo ho beha leihlo le ho arabela likotsing tsa mahlaseli ka katleho.Ho utloisisa hore na limithara tsa mahlaseli a kotsi li sebetsa joang le ts'ebeliso ea tsona ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khothaletsa polokeho ea mahlaseli le ho sireletsa bophelo ba sechaba le tikoloho.
Nako ea poso: May-20-2024