Tlhokomelo ea mahlaseli ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho netefatsa polokeho libakeng tseo mahlaseli a ionizing a leng teng. Mahlaseli a ionizing, a akarelletsang mahlaseli a gamma a hlahisoang ke li-isotopes tse kang cesium-137, a baka likotsi tse kholo tsa bophelo bo botle, tse hlokang mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho beha leihlo. Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba melao-motheo le mekhoa ea ho beha leihlo mahlaseli, ho shebana le mahlale a sebelisoang, le tse ling.radiationmonitoringdlits'enyeheloe sebelisoang hangata .
Ho Utloisisa Mahlaseli le Liphello Tsa Eona
Mahlaseli a ionizing a khetholloa ke bokhoni ba oona ba ho tlosa lielektrone tse tlanngoeng ka thata ho tloha liathomong, tse lebisang ho thehoeng ha likaroloana tse qosoang kapa li-ion. Ts'ebetso ena e ka baka tšenyo ho lisele tsa likokoana-hloko, tse ka bakang mahlaseli a kotsi kapa litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa bophelo bo botle joalo ka mofets'e. Ka hona, ho beha leihlo maemo a mahlaseli a kotsi ho bohlokoa maemong a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa lits'ebeletso tsa bongaka, lifeme tsa matla a nyutlelie, le libaka tsa tšireletso tsa moeli.
Melao-motheo ea Tlhokomelo ea Mahlaseli
Molao-motheo oa bohlokoa oa ho lekola mahlaseli o kenyelletsa ho lemoha le ho lekanya boteng ba mahlaseli a ionizing sebakeng se itseng. Sena se finyelloa ka tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse arabelang mefuteng e fapaneng ea mahlaseli, ho akarelletsa le likaroloana tsa alpha, likaroloana tsa beta, mahlaseli a gamma le li-neutron. Khetho ea sesebelisoa e ipapisitse le ts'ebeliso e khethehileng le mofuta oa mahlaseli a behiloeng leihlo.
Li-Detectors Tse Sebelisitsoeng Tekolong ea Mahlaseli
1. Li-scintillator tsa polasetiki:
Li-scintillator tsa polasetiki ke li-detectors tse fapaneng tse ka sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa ho lekola mahlaseli. Boemo ba bona bo bobebe le bo tšoarellang bo etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse nkehang habonolo. Ha mahlaseli a gamma a kopana le scintillator, a hlahisa mahlaseli a khanyang a ka bonoang le ho lekanyetsoa. Thepa ena e lumella ho lekola maemo a radiation ka nako ea nnete, ho etsa hore li-scintillator tsa polasetiki e be khetho e tsebahalangRPMlitsamaiso.
2. He-3 Gas Proportional Counter:
He-3 gas proportional counter counter e etselitsoe ho lemoha neutron. E sebetsa ka ho tlatsa kamore ka khase ea helium-3, e nang le maikutlo a ho sebelisana ha neutron. Ha neutron e thulana le nucleus ea helium-3, e hlahisa likaroloana tse qosoang tse etsang hore khase e be ionize, e lebisang ho pontšo ea motlakase e lekantsoeng. Mofuta ona oa detector o bohlokoa haholo libakeng tseo mahlaseli a neutron a tšoenyang, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa nyutlelie le lilaboratori tsa lipatlisiso.
3. Lisebelisoa tsa Sodium Iodide (NaI):
Li-detectors tsa sodium iodide li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa spectroscopy ea gamma-ray le boitsebiso ba nuclide. Lisebelisoa tsena li entsoe ka kristale ea sodium iodide e kopantsoeng le thallium, e ntšang khanya ha mahlaseli a gamma a kopana le kristale. Joale leseli le hlahisoang le fetoloa lets'oao la motlakase, le lumellang ho tsebahatsa li-isotopi tse ikhethileng ho ipapisitse le mesaeno ea matla a tsona. Li-detectors tsa NaI li bohlokoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse hlokang ho tsebahatsoa ka nepo lisebelisoa tsa radioactive.
4. Li-Tube Counters tsa Geiger-Müller (GM):
Lisebelisoa tsa li-tube tsa GM ke tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tse alamo tsa motho tse sebelisoang haholo ho lekola mahlaseli. Li khona ho lemoha mahlaseli a X-ray le a gamma. The GM tube e sebetsa ka ionizing ea khase ka har'a tube ha mahlaseli a feta ho eona, e leng se etsang hore ho be le sekhahla sa motlakase se lekanyang. Theknoloji ena e sebelisoa haholo ho li-dosimeter tsa motho le limithara tsa tlhahlobo ea letsoho, e fanang ka maikutlo a hanghang mabapi le maemo a ho pepesehela mahlaseli.
Bohlokoa ba ho Lekola Mahlaseli Bophelong ba Letsatsi le Letsatsi
Tlhokomelo ea mahlaseli ha e felle feela litsing tse khethehileng; ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho ba teng ha mahlaseli a tlhaho a tlhaho, hammoho le mehloli ea maiketsetso e tsoang lits'ebetsong tsa bongaka le lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri, ho hloka hore ho be le tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele ho netefatsa tšireletso ea sechaba. Maemafofane, boema-kepe le meaho ea lekhetho e na le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho hlahloba mahlaseli ho thibela ho tsamaisoa ho seng molaong ha thepa e ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi, kahoo e sireletsa sechaba le tikoloho.
HangataUsedRadiationMonitoringDlits'enyehelo
1. Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM):
RPMske litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tse etselitsoeng ho lekola mahlaseli a gamma le li-neutron ka nako ea 'nete. Hangata li kenngoa libakeng tsa ho kena tse kang boema-fofane, boema-kepe le litsing tsa lekhetho bakeng sa ho bona lipalangoang tse seng molaong tsa lisebelisoa tsa radioactive. Li-RPM hangata li sebelisa li-scintillator tsa polasetiki tse nang le molumo o moholo, tse sebetsang hantle ho boneng mahlaseli a gamma ka lebaka la kutlo ea ona e phahameng le nako ea karabelo e potlakileng. Ts'ebetso ea scintillation e kenyelletsa ho tsoa ha leseli ha mahlaseli a sebelisana le thepa ea polasetiki, e ntan'o fetoloa letšoao la motlakase bakeng sa tlhahlobo.Ho phaella moo, li-tubes tsa neutron le li-detectors tsa sodium iodide li ka kenngoa ka har'a lisebelisoa ho etsa hore mesebetsi e eketsehileng e sebetse.
2. Sesebelisoa sa Boitsebiso ba Radioisotope (RIID):
(RIID)ke sesebelisoa sa ho beha leihlo nyutlelie se thehiloeng holim'a sesebelisoa sa sodium iodide le theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea digital nuclear pulse waveform processing.
3. Electronic Personal Dosimeter (EPD):
Dosimeter ea motho ka mongke sesebediswa sa ho lekola mahlaseli a manyane, se ka roalehang se etselitsoeng basebetsi ba sebetsang libakeng tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi. Ha e le hantle, e sebelisa mochine oa motlakase oa Geiger-Müller (GM), mofuta oa eona o monyenyane o thusa ho apara ka nako e telele bakeng sa ho lekola nako ea sebele ea lethal dose ea mahlaseli le sekhahla sa lethal dose. Ha ho pepeseha ho feta litekanyo tse behiloeng esale pele, sesebelisoa se lemosa motho ea se roetseng hang-hang, se ba bontša hore ba tsoe sebakeng se kotsi.
Qetello
Ka bokhutšoanyane, tlhahlobo ea mahlaseli ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa o sebelisang lisebelisoa tse fapaneng ho netefatsa polokeho libakeng tseo mahlaseli a ionizing a leng teng. Tšebeliso ea li-Radiation Portal Monitor, li-scintillator tsa polasetiki, li-counter proportional gas He-3, li-sodium iodide detectors, le GM tube counters li fana ka mehlala ea mekhoa e fapaneng e teng bakeng sa ho lemoha le ho lekanya mahlaseli. Ho utloisisa melao-motheo le mahlale a ts'ebetso ea ho beha leihlo mahlaseli a kotsi ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le ho boloka maemo a polokeho makaleng a fapaneng. Ha thekenoloji e ntse e tsoela pele, katleho le katleho ea litsamaiso tsa tlhahlobo ea mahlaseli ntle le pelaelo li tla ntlafala, ho matlafatsa bokhoni ba rona ba ho lemoha le ho arabela lits'oso tsa mahlaseli ka nako ea nnete.
Nako ea poso: Nov-24-2025